Machiavelli And Socrates s Concept Of A Prince - 1811 Words

Leah Brennan Professor Brandon Ives 13 October 2017 GVPT241 (0105) Soulcraft vs. Statecraft Though Machiavelli and Socrates lived in distinct states, on the heels of the Peloponnesian War in Athens to the height of the Renaissance in Florence, respectively, a few common threads bind them together. They lived in periods of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence, and these experiences inform and shape their beliefs about how society and government as a whole should function. Socrates responds to his precarious surroundings with an approach that prioritizes soulcraft over statecraft, and acts as a gadfly by constantly examining society. Machiavelli takes the opposite approach, prioritizing statecraft without regard for soulcraft,†¦show more content†¦Machiavelli acknowledges this ideal, but calls on his knowledge of the other successful princes to disprove its feasibility and add in other factors, such as confusing others and taking advantage of loyalty, to achieve his means, rather than relying on Socrates’ moral simplicity. Socrates’ absolutism in this manner is fundamental to his line of questioning, and thus treats it as fact, meaning that if he were to come to blows with Machiavelli over the nature of such a prince that would disavow this basic principle, he would not support it. His commitment to moral righteousness is further displayed by his assertion that he owes a greater obedience to God than to the people, to the extent that â€Å"so long as [he] draw[s] breath and [has] his faculties, [he] shall never stop practicing philosophy and exhorting [them] and indicating the truth† (Plato, 55-56). Machiavelli’s pursuance of the concept of statecraft and the absence of soulcraft does not fall in line with Socrates’ view. He states that princes should â€Å"have no other aim or thought, nor take up any other thing for his study, but war and its organization and its discipline† (Machiavelli, XIV, 53), a focus that does not center on a moral condition, but a push for power. He also later argues that it is only necessary to seem to be full of mercy,Show MoreRelatedMorality Vs Machiavelli1161 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates, however, asserts the importance of morality and ethics in a ruler, and argues that soul craft is ideal for an effective leader. Socrates contends, â€Å"Wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth and every other blessing, both to the individual and the state† (Apology, 30b). Indeed, in opposition to Machiavelli, Socrates asserts that following one’s intuition and making decisions based on â€Å"goodness† w ill never lead a ruler and his state astray. Additionally, Socrates emphasizesRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1681 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates, in his early works, maintained a steadfast distance from involvement in politics, making a comparison or evaluation of a political system in his persona technically impossible. To claim that Socrates would or would not be supportive of any political system might then seem irresponsible, a presumptuous analysis not fitting for an academic recognizing the false equivalence between Socrates’ philosophy and Machiavelli’s political ethics. The strategy to conduct any sort of liable and validRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli2009 Words   |  9 PagesSocrates and Machiavelli are both very influential philosophers and two of the great minds of their time. However, both of these men had their own separate ideas that did not completely agree with one another. Machiavelli was born into a Renaissance time period of fragmented politics, lots of bloodshed, and angry citizens while Socrates grew up in a time of political adjustment and instability in Athens. Machiavelli constructed The Prince as a political pamphlet to his friend Lorenzo de MediciRead MoreA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories2669 Words   |  11 PagesA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories Educational Objectives: 1. Explain the type of problem that is addressed by philosophers. 2. Explain how ethical norms help address ethical issues that arise in accountancy. 3. Contrast the views of Mills, Machiavelli and Kant. 4. Describe what is meant by a social contract. 5. Analyze a given situation and tell why it would be appropriate or inappropriate to lie. 6. Explain the views of Kierkegaard and contrast himRead MoreThe Nature Of Truth : Plato s The Cave Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesto be a simple and objective concept on the surface; however, its breadth is vast and can create numerous sub-discussions on the nature of humanity and existence. Many philosophers have expounded in the nature of truth: what it is, what it means in relation to humanity, and how understanding the essence of truth can aid in the quest to answer mankind s existential questions. One of the most famous allegorical tales that pontificates on the reality of truth is Plato s The Cave, using the story ofRead MoreQuestion and Correct Answer7042 Words   |  29 PagesSelected Answer: |   Ã‚   Changes in the course of some rivers have left the early settlements underwater | Correct Answer: |   Ã‚   Most were built of wood, which did not survive times ravages | | | | | ï‚ · Question 23 2 out of 2 points | | | Why did Prince Siddhartha Gautama leave the palace to live in the wilderness for 6 years?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: |   Ã‚   He was troubled by the suffering of all human beings | Correct Answer: |   Ã‚   He was troubled by the suffering of all human beings

Art History-El Greco - 4248 Words

Analyse why El Greco’s work had such an impact on Spanish artists at the turn of the twentieth century. At the heart of painting in Spain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a search for self-identity in a time of crisis and change. It was a time of civil disturbances and the loss of the country’s last colonies. In Barcelona social structures were severely taxed by the rapid industrialization of the region and its subsequent explosive population growth. Matters culminated in the unstable atmosphere generated by waves of political terrorism in the Catalan Capital in the 1890s. Escalating anarchist activity and recurrent cycles of labor unrest and harsh official retribution generated a destabilizing uncertainty in the†¦show more content†¦Cossio published an appraisal of the artist in a popular encyclopedia in 1908 which offered not only new information on the artist, but also a new interpretation, which turned the painter’s work into the quintessential expression of the Spanish spirit. He began to ask: What was the cause of El Greco’s original and eccentric style? As he studied the question, Cossio found the clue to an answer by noting the almost miraculous change in El Greco’s style that occurred as soon as he arrived in Spain. In his Italian period, El Greco had been a good if rather unexceptional painter, but after his arrival in Spain, he became a great painter. The answer to the question, therefore, obviously lay in Spain and nowhere else. He wrote: â€Å"Castile, an austere and harsh place, was for El Greco benign because it made him free. Isolated in Castile, he forgets rules and abandons his teachers, he gathers his forces unto himself and becomes intimate with the spirit and nature of the region. He immerses himself deeply in them yet also allows them to penetrate his soul. Finally, he takes possession of the character of the land and of the SpanishShow MoreRelatedThe Pieta Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesEl Greco (â€Å"The Greek†), also known as Domenicos Theotocopulos, was a painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. El Greco was born in Crete in 1541, which was then a part of the Republic of Venice, and the center of Post-Byzantine art. He had trained and become a master within that tradition and an icon painter. Among his great artworks, I would like to draw attention to â€Å"Pietà   (The Lamentation of Christ)†, an oil painting. El Greco had painted this masterpiece about c.1565-70 in Read MoreEl Greco : The Greatest Spanish Painter Of The Era2129 Words   |  9 Pagesneighbouring countries. A Greek artists by the name of El Greco (Greek name: Domenikos Theotokopoulos) has been known to be titled as â€Å"the greatest Spanish painter of the era†, although he was not from Spanish heritage. He was born in Crete, Greece in 1567 and spent approximately half of his life traveling and apprenticing in Italy. El Greco had traveled to Rome, where he was influenced by the Florentine and Roman Mannerism techniques. As El Greco traveled through Italy he worked alongside the famousRead MoreUnderstanding the Artwork of Domenikos Theotokopoulos1945 Words   |  8 Pagescontext. Theotokopoulus received the nickname El Greco, which means the Greek, during his lifetime, and this nickname reveals a significant detail about his identity as a man, as well as his identity as an artist. This was because his nationality played an important role in his artwork, so that his natio nality could almost be described as synonymous with his work during that time. The Mediterranean world of the sixteenth century- the world of El Greco- was a world in which three civilisations coexistedRead More El Greco Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesEl Greco The Agony In the Garden, a mannerist style of art by EL Greco, proclaims a sense of spiritual power of religious faith which accomplishes El Greco’s aim to move his audience. El Greco was born on the island of Crete and lived from 1541 to 1614. He represented the most characteristic figure of Spanish Mannerism. El Greco was influenced by and became acquainted with the art of Titian and Jacopo Bassano in Venice where he studied in 1566. In addition to visiting Italy, El GrecoRead MoreA Visit to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesA group of us Arts and Music students used the day on Wednesday to go into the city to visit the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. It was a cold, breezy day so we were all bundled up in jackets and hats. As we got off the E train and walked toward the museum, its appearance was not what I expected it to be. The museum was an elegant, beautiful building made of what looked to be marble; not the big, brick monstrosity I had expected. Once we walked into the museum, it was even more elegant on the insideRead MoreCause and Effect Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThis term is used to describe the emotional and ornate art and architecture of the 1600s. [pic] a. Romanesque [pic] b. Gothic [pic] c. Classical [pic] d. Baroque status: correct (1.0) correct: d your answer: d feedback: Correct. [pic] 2 The colonnaded piazza added to St. Peters is the achievement of this architect. [pic] a. Borromini [pic] b. Michelangelo [pic] c. Bramante [pic] d. Bernini status: correct (1.0) correct: d your answer: d feedback:Read MoreRenaissance And Realism Of Arts Essay2282 Words   |  10 PagesFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES Two arts periods: Renaissance and Realism of Arts Introduction Jacob Burckhardt was an Italian historian who had developed the notion of the Renaissance, which meant ‘Rebirth’. It united the Greco-Roman civilization during the ancient times marking the beginning of a completely new era between 1350C.E. and 1550C.E. The Renaissance resulted in the birth of modern society concerned with the revival of antiquity and exaggerated secularismRead More Romanticism in European Art and Culture Essay2490 Words   |  10 PagesOf all the movements in European art, Romanticism has by far the most difficult origins to pinpoint due to the broadness of its beginnings, artistic expressions, and time frame. Inspired by â€Å"nature, an awareness of the past, a religious spirit, and an artistic ideal† (Barron’s 6), Romanticism is one of the most significant influences on European culture. By looking at modern paintings, we can see the influence Romanticism has had throughout the generations. With Romanticism, artists have been ableRead MoreThe Art Of Reformation By Martin Luther985 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical Paper: The Art of Reformation The year 1517 is claimed by Christianity to be the original spark of a reformation that changed the face of the most prevalent religion in the western world, beginning in Germany and soon enveloping the known world in an upheaval of beliefs and values. However, due to the fact that Protestant faiths became their own religious, social and political powers, the correct term for this movement would not be ‘reformation’ but in fact ‘revolution’. The so-calledRead MoreInfluence Of The Italian Renaissance On Art1835 Words   |  8 Pagescould be debated, that the impact the Italian Renaissance had on art is possibly the largest throughout European history. Italian Renaissance painting can be divided into four periods: the Proto-Renaissance (1300–1400), the Early Renaissance (1400–1475), the High Renaissance (1475–1525), and Mannerism (1525–1600.The same themes that influenced philosophy and literature, as well as architecture and theology, can also being found in art. In painting, Giotto’s Trecento that began in late 13th century

Answering Question Number One Free Essays

Go Ahead Enterprises started as a company and made itself famous through its unique metal toys. The company was able to establish a national reputation for their product.   Its strength lies in having a manufacturing plant which produces the toys. We will write a custom essay sample on Answering Question Number One or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, as competition intensified, the company thinkers decided to overhaul the system and to go for more profit. This re-invention of the company was successful but only for a time. The atmosphere changed and soon the company found itself wondering where to start again.   Go Ahead Enterprises evolved from a manufacturing organization into a marketing one. This made the significant over-turn of the company, which sadly, was an unforeseen suicidal path. The company reduced its number of employees and moved to the city where it could market toys. It has stopped manufacturing its own metal toys. It sold its manufacturing plant. This decision was a critical one since the company never realized its important resource- the plant itself. Having a manufacturing plant is one key for sustainability.   Plus, the company is sure that each metal toy manufactured is at its best. Quality is assured. The demands or orders for the products can be handled easily since Go Ahead Enterprises supervises its own operation. Selling the manufacturing plant was an unwise move. Losing a great deal number of people is also critical since they are the company’s best asset. Letting go of competent and trained staff or employees is a loss to the company, too. People are one great resource that brings additional investments and profit. However, cutting knowledgeable and skilled employees off from the company may also result to downfall. The company’s big bosses’ decision to source instead of manufacturing its own metal toys became a major disappointment in the long run. Go Ahead Enterprises created a niche for itself in the market. Changing the position of that niche affects the company. What Go Ahead Enterprises did was to create another niche for itself by turning into a marketing company. It used to produce metal toys under its brand name.   But since the big bosses decided to make a complete overhaul, the company lost its niche as the manufacturer of metal toys. The company leaders’ decision was enough to ruin the company unintentionally.   On organisational level, they have induced the change. What they failed to see is the long-term effect of that decision. They saw profits coming in like never before. But an initial success is not a guarantee of future sustainability and growth. The company leaders never saw that right and noble decisions may sometime lead to a bitter path.   They should have seen the consequences first before jumping to conclusion and endanger the company’s growth, position in the market and quality of products. On the other hand, environmental factors do play a big part. Globalization floods the market with cheap products. This resulted to steeping competition and fight for consumers’ favor. Globalization made the market more diversified with more choices and alternatives. The consumers are left confused, bewildered and happy. The consumers are happy because influx of goods means affordability. They get to choose the products which suit their purse. Yet, cheap goods are sometimes made of inferior quality. Satisfaction is still an issue. There are consumers who still opt to buy branded products even if it is priced higher than the usual ones. Better to spend much than to be sorry, so they say. Go Ahead Enterprises banked on globalisation and joined the bandwagon to keep itself on top of the game. It imitated other companies which are also changing their company’s course to accommodate changes. The environmental change brought by globalization has transformed, but not necessarily improved Go Ahead Enterprises. Losing the company’s niche, its manufacturing plant and its key people brought the company lower than what it used to be. Go Ahead should have maintained its manufacturing and strengthened its niche in the market. The leaders should have come up with more strategies rather than adopting a strategic plan, which in the end, brought more harm than profit. The company must focus on its vision and keep the main thing â€Å"the main thing† (Hybels 2002). In this case, Go Ahead Enterprises’ fate will be on its feet again if it will re-align its strength, assets, priorities, and focus on the main thing. It may not be money or profit but company reputation and sustainability. List of References Hybels, B. 2002, Courageous Leadership, Zondervan Publishing, Michigan.                      How to cite Answering Question Number One, Essay examples

Global Business Management

Question: Write an essay on Global Business Management. Answer: Introduction: Marketing strategy is the techniques that an organization implements in order to acquire desired goal in a market place. Every marketer should spurn out good strategies so that company the company gains profit and sales rate of the product increases. Strategies are made by scrutinizing the market sales of other companies (Wilson, et al.,2012). Competitive advantages can be obtained and an organization can increase their sustainability rate in global market place. Long term goals of an enterprise can be deduced by analyzing the initial situation of the company and the present placement of the organization in the market place postulates the growth rate of the company. The purpose of planning is to take required actions and necessary steps to develop a concrete place among the competitors. Australian mango industry wants to spread their market in Asian market place(Marques, et al., 2014). Australian mango has been successful many places. Indonesian market is not unexcavated by Australia but they want to re institutionalize their business in Indonesia. That is why the Australians now want to extend their business in Indonesia. Economic Environment: The team that was generated by the company for reestablishing the Australian mango market in Indonesia analyzed the market to generate the economic status of Indonesian Market and to evaluate the sale of market in past 3 years. Pricing strategy can be suggested as the economic strategy(Hartley Claycomb, 2013). Economic strategy calculates component of accounts, market condition, paying ability of the customers, margin of trade and actions of the competitors. Economics in business deals with the financial issues that can arise in organization and management. A market involves many systems that affect the price of the product. A product rate may vary from market to market due to the disparity in valuation of money and culture of the market. Economic condition of a country influences the market condition. As an emerging market of Asia, Indonesia has the largest economy in the Asia and hold a significant position in world economy. Indonesia is currently holding its commendable position in market place with 75.5% of the market share while Malaysia has 35.5% of market economy and Korea has overtaken Malaysia by 2.5%. Indonesia is mostly dependent on the domestic market and feasts on the market investments made by the private conglomerates. Indonesia has great potentiality and it has not gone unnoticed by the international company (Nugroho, 2016). The key aspect of Indonesian market is production of fruits and vegetable. The price of fruit depends on the seasonal availability and production quantity. In countries of Asia, Mango is the fruit that has never ending popularity and the fruit is known as the king of fruit(Mitra, 2014). Australia wants to take advantage of the love that the Indonesians have for this fruit. They have studied the market statistics of past 3 year and have formulated a strategy according to it. In 2013, mango sales from May-July were about 45%, in 2014 it was 59% and in 2015 it was 65.9%. Indonesia has stabilized their market which can support export market of mangoes from Australia. Indonesia is the closest neighbor of Australia so it is beneficial for Australia to renew their business with them. The population of Indonesia is nearly 250 million; this means that Australia will be gaining profit over $2000.3 million. In 2015, 70% of mangoes were sold in the market of Indonesia from May to June. Political environment: Political analysis of the country was also necessary to structure out strategies as how to reestablish their export service (Nissinen, 2016). Indonesia is a country which shares genial relationship with other countries who wants to do export business with them. Indonesia commands considerable influence on the issues regarding economy and protection of significance to U.S interest. U.S is the greatest investor in Indonesian market as the country contributes to stability and most importantly to peace. If one is considering future outlook, Indonesia has greater prospect than any other developing countries. The issues that dominate the business climate of Indonesia are Poor infrastructure of the organizations, corruption and constant dispute between the investors (Hadiz, et al.,2013). They possess the principle values to become influential face of the global economy. Their domestic market supplements the power they need to grow in business. The country still likes to do business internal ly. Their private consumption reportedly accounts over 60 percent of total GDP. The growth rate of GDP has been 4.5 percent in 2001 and in 2015 it has reached to 6.1%. in other there is growing discontent about the rising price of fruits and vegetables, but Indonesian market is stable in case of food items and their political culture shows that exporting food items can be profitable for Australian market. Social and cultural environment: Social culture of Indonesia is analogous. They are the kind of people likes to adhere to their culture. But they support multi cultural as they have strong influence of Hinduism, Christianity and Buddhism in their culture. Their official language is Bahasa Indonesia. India and China has a lot of influence in their culture. They share the same passion for the fruit mango. Australia will benefit doing business with them as the growing time of mango in Indonesia differ from the growing time of mango in Australia. Analyzing for the strategy that needs to be chosen: The three key competitors who can hinder the growth of Australian market in Indonesia are Toza Juice, Indojaya Makmurabadi and Indo fruit Co. Ltd. Amongst them Toza fruit suppliers are the most ferocious marketers who exports mangoes to other countries and also has strong hold on the Indonesian fruit market. But our Australian organization has maximum access to markets all over the world. Over 8 percentile of mango that is 4000 to 5000 tons of mangoes gets exported every year and the difference in production season has made Australia leading exporters of mangoes. Supplier power should be assessed in order to scrutinize their power and measure the control they have over the market(Huxley, 2013). Switching of cost keeping on view their cost can add more power to Australian company. The buying power of the consumers should also be taken into consideration so that the price that the rate of the product is affordable to the customer. Lead competitors of the market should be kept on guard. What kind of product they are selling in what rate should always be noted (Jobbe Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). If they are supplying equally attractive product at lower rate and service then the customer are bound to incline their favoritism towards them. Power is the significant element to which one should hold on to. If the security level is low and the market culture of the place allows various entrants at a time then competitors can ruin the potentiality of growth of the business. Durable barriers of capital and strategies can never let the take advantage of the weakness of the organization. Analysis of Porters four components of market has assisted to understand the strategies that can be undertaken by business authorities to be triumphant. Product, place, people and price intensify the level of competition among the organizational rivals. Profitability comes to those who inspects the market and strategize the price of the product considering people and the place. Recommendations on the respect of key strategies: According to the theory proposed by Porter price of the product should be calculated on the aspect of place and people. Indonesia is a developing country and 79.9% of people belong to mediocre background that is why the price of mango should cost 1364250 rupiah for a tray of 689 mangoes. Mangoes should be kept in warehouse and proper temperature must be employed so that the mangoes do not suffer any injury(Narayana, et al.,2012). A proper packaging need to be done meticulously and it is the duty of the logistics team to see that boxes are sealed properly. Mangoes need time to mature and the temperature plays a very important role in the ripening process of mangoes. The ultimate goal of Australian mango association is to supply quality product. Proper documentation are to be made in order arrange cargoes for export purpose, the temperature control of the cargoes need to be checked (De Mooij, 2013). Recording the date of departure of the shipment needs to be taken into account to calcu late the time that it will take to reach the needed destination (Jaafar, et al.,2014). It is the purpose of the lead tea member to list down the necessary information about the procedures from packing to shipping. Conclusion: Australian mangoes have great demand in the market of the world. Indonesia and Australia were involved in mango export business but due to some changes in regulation of Indonesian market the export business was terminated. Days have passed after that incident now again Australia wants to establish their export business in Indonesia. Indonesian economic cultural has tremendously changed since then; the country has flourished and has made a respected position in global market place. Mango is the fruit that every Asian country adores. Australian production time of mangoes differs from that of Indonesia, so Indonesians will be able to satiate their cravings for mango in off seasons also if Australian export business initiates again. Reference: De Mooij, M. (2013).Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hadiz, V. R., Robison, R. (2013). The political economy of oligarchy and the reorganization of power in Indonesia.Indonesia,96(1), 35-57. Hartley, R. F., Claycomb, C. (2013).Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Huxley, T. (2013).Disintegrating Indonesia?: implications for regional security(No. 349). Routledge. Jaafar, M. N., Kamaruddin, R., Che Mat, M. H., Nordin, A. A., Farook, R. S. M., Shakaff, A. Y. M., Zakaria, A. (2014, August). Market-driven-technology-push initiative: the application of controlled environment agriculture production system for mango-on-demand. InXXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): IV 1111(pp. 297-302). Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Marques, J. R., Hofman, P. J., Macnish, A. J., Joyce, D. C. (2014, August). Evaluation of temperature management and packaging options to reduce under-skin browning in'Honey Gold'mango fruit. InXXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): IV 1111(pp. 405-408). Mitra, S. K. (2014, August). Mango production in the world-present situation and future prospect. InXXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): IV 1111(pp. 287-296). Narayana, C. K., Rao, D. S., Roy, S. K. (2012). Mango Production, Postharvest Physiology and Storage.Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Postharvest Physiology, Processing and Packaging, 259. Nissinen, M. (2016).Latvia's transition to a market economy: political determinants of economic reform policy. Springer. Nugroho, Y. (2016). Citizens in@ ction: Collaboration, participatory democracy and freedom of informationMapping contemporary civic activism and the use of new social media in Indonesia. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm(No. 2nd Eu). McGraw Hill. Global Business Management Question : Discuss about the Global Business Management ? Answer : Introduction The global business environment could be defined as the environment in different sovereign nations with the factors exogenous to the local environment of the organizations affecting the decision-making on resource use as well as capabilities. It is also observed that the international business environment could be classified into external environment and internal environment when it comes identifying the business opportunities in the global environment. When an organization wishes or starts a business in a global environment, it has to focus on certain areas including the external and internal environment. Most importantly, the organization has to think of the business opportunities that sustain the growth or success of the business. While focusing on the business opportunities the organization should focus on both the present opportunities and historical scenario. Thus, in order to evaluate that area with a real scenario, report considers the country Eritrea in African continent. The report starts with providing an appropriate interpretation of Eritreas political as well as economic structure and its culture attitudes. Furthermore, the report also highlights Eritreas economic co-operation with other nations when it comes to establishment of the business. Based on the discussion and the evaluation, a suitable recommendation has provided that could help to countrys present international business strategies. Political environment It is observed that Eritrea has become an independent republic. The Ethiopian Peoples revolutionary Democratic Front in 1991 deposed Eritreas hard line communist dictator Mengistu. It is identified that the Erirean Peoples Liberation Front gained the control of Asmara without the involvement of Mengistus troops to fight. After having the control over Asmara, the Liberation Front of the country has formed a provisional government. As mentioned by Hirt and Mohammad (2013), the Eritrean independence was held with the contribution of UN and the new Ethiopian government. The people in Eritrea opted for the independent republic. Thereafter, Ethiopia recognizes Eritreas sovereignty on May 3, 1993 and demanded for a new era of cooperation between the two countries. However, this cooperation did not lust for long. The history clearly states that Eritrea and Ethiopia disagreed regarding the demarcation of their borders in 1998. In the month of December 2005, an International Court of Arbitrati on ruled Eritrea had violated international laws when it attacked Ethiopia in 1998 (Sousa et al. 2013). The conflict with Ethiopia remains high across a closed as well a heavily fortified border. It is further observed that threat of war is said to have been implemented by the government to strengthen the society. Although, in 1997 Eritrea demanded for the existence of the multi-party politics, the nation is presently known as the one-party state. On the other side, a demanding report on the human rights abuse, the UN accused Eritreas government against the humanity. According to the estimation done by UN, hundreds of thousands of Eritreans left the country and they are on the journey towards Sahara and the Mediterranean to Europe. While addressing the political environment of the country, it is also learnt that President Islaias Afewerky has ruled the country since it became an independent country. In 2009, UN imposed sanction on Eritrea for its support of Islamist insurgents in Somalia (Gebrewold 2013). Likewise, in 2015 reports accused the government of Eritrea of crimes against the humanity. The political environment of Eritrea also helps to learn that once the United States established the diplomatic relations with Eritrea in 1993 based on the he independence as well as the separation from Ethiopia. It is further observed that the United States supported Eritreas independence; however, the ongoing government detention of political dissidents and the constraints on the civil liberties as well as the allegation of human rights abuse have contributed to strained US and Eritreas relationship. Furthermore, it has also been learnt that at the Eritrean governments request, the United States has stopped providing the bilateral assistance to Eritrea. Thus, the United States has no military-to-military cooperation with Eritrea. The governments of Eritrea as well as ruling party have the control on the economy. It is identified that the United States and Eritrea have poor bilateral trade. The Eritrea is known to be the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa, which has a trade as well as investment Framework Agreement with the United State. Eritreas political environment and relationship with the other country helps to observe that Ethiopia turned down the offer from Eritrea to utilize its well equipped and developed Assabs harbor for import and Export. The country Ethiopia is relied on the use of the railway link to the port of Djibouti. As stated by O'Mahony (2013), due to the continuous tensions with Ethiopia, as well as possible resumption of the war with Ethiopia, the current government of Eritrea is controlling the liberty with human as well as peoples rights. The country has withdrawn the compulsion of exit visa to people under 30 and it has extended the national military as well as public service from 18 months to an open-ended period for the young people. Economic environment or the conditions of Eritrea As put forward by Hepner (2013), the economy is largely based on the substance agriculture with 80% of the population involved both in farming as well as in herding. Thus, as the consequence, a strategic plan for the rural development is the remedy to enhance the developing process. This plan would further help to build a strong strategic agriculture base, which includes the capability of providing the abundant raw materials to the industrial units. The tourism sector in the country has the huge potential to attract and make the foreign investment. The coastal water over which the country has exclusive fishing rights constitutes 52,000 square kilometers of probably the richest and for the most unexploited waters of Red Sea. This provides an enormous opportunity to develop fishing industry and tourism industry. The scenic as well as the topographic diversity of the country and the history are assets to develop a strong tourist destination. The overall GDP covered by the agriculture (1 7%), industry (29%) and services (54%) (Bariagaber 2013). As mentioned by Puddington (2013), Eritrea is one of the worlds most isolated and economically stagnant countries, has been run under the emergency rule. The overall economy of the country remained undeveloped for long time and the implementation of the laws extremely fragile. As the result, almost 9% of the population has left the country in the present days. The economic freedom snapshot The economic freedom status: Repressed Economic freedom score of 2016 is: 42.7 Global Ranking: 173rd Regional Ranking: 45th Notable success: None Concern: Implementation of the laws, management of finance The public sector of the country remains the increasing source of formal employment as well as the informal economy accounts for non-mining private sector activity. It is identified that a repressive fundamental government continuous to deal with the private sector and keeps unexpected poor investment climate. Culture Attitude: the country is suffering expected changes in the government and inappropriate implementation of the laws is affecting citizens of Eritrea. The continuous struggle of Eritrea for self-determination as well as independence created the sense of nationhood on based on general economy. There are other changes occurred in the cultural aspects of the country that are well discussed with Hofstede culture model. Power distance- The power distance index of Hofstede helps to measure the degree to which the less powerful members of the community or the organizations accept and expect that power is distributed and shared unequally. Hence, the inequality indicates that the followers and the leaders who run the nations or the organizations promote the extent of inequality in the country. For example, the Eritrea has 33 on the distance scale of Hofstede analysis compared to US, where the power distance is very high (60). Thus, it can be mentioned that Eritrea has wide gap between the wealthy as well as poor (Desta 2013). The country needs to develop a strong belief in equality for the wellbeing and value of each citizen of the country. This happens as the leaders who run the nations have poor communication with the citizens and the inadequate implementation of the laws could be the major cause of inequality in the country. Individualism- Individualism is the one side versus its opposite, collectivism that is the extent to which the individuals who are united in a group. On the contrary, while considering the individualistic side of the people, there should be ties between the individuals and the society, which should be loose. Hence, Eritrea cannot be considered as the individualistic with a low score on Hosftede culture dimensions. In Eritrea, people do not stress on personal achievement as well as individualistic rights. As the leaders or the government failed to implement the regulations, people only think of own personal interest. Masculinity vs. Femininity-This attribute is referred to the distribution of the roles between men and women. As put forward by Lichtenfels and Rouse (2013), in Masculine society, the roles of men as well as women could overlap. The men are expected to behave assertively. The current scenario of Eritrea indicates that the men rule Eritrean societies. Therefore, the less amount of power is in the grip of women. Eritreas international trade from past to now It is observed that international trade is characterized by its deficit. Thus, the deficit of $499 million increased to o $534 million in 1999 because the value of the export dropped to $26 million compared to the import of $560 million (Messaoud and Teheni 2014). It is learnt that large trade deficit are the vivid sing of Eritreas under-developed economy because of that large range imports do not start to be matched by its output of the exportable goods. While focusing on the large trade deficit, it is necessary to focus on the balance of the trade, which remains as the major difference between the financial value of exports and the imports of output in specific period. Thus, the positive balance is known as trade surplus and if the balance is largely relied on the exporting more than the imported goods, a negative balance is referred as the trade deficit. The overall imported goods accounted for an enormous 89.7% of the GDP in 1998 in Eritrea (Munemo 2014). However, in the same year than an epidemic of cattle disease stopped the large livestock exports to Arab and Yemen, whereas as the time of outbreak of war with Ethiopia, the productivity of the country declined. Furthermore, it is also observed that although the way ended in 2000, the exports of Eritrea is likely to remain as declined or low for the long period due to its destroyed farms and the infrastructure. It has affected the financial resource of the country and the country observed a large displacement of its population. Figure 1: The exports of Eritrea (Source: Lichtenfels and Rouse 2013) The major exported products of Eritrea are such as salt, livestock, foodstuff, textile, flour, sorghum, whereas the major import goods include foodstuff, fertilizers, machinery, spare parts and construction as well as military hardware. At the time of the war, there was sharp increase in military hardware imports, which was the major reason on the defense to jump from 9% of the GDP in 1997 to 44% in 1999 (Mosley 2014). It is further identified that Ethiopia was Eritreas major trading partner until 1998 considering only 65.8% and 64% of the total exports. In addition, other trading partners of Eritrea are such as Sudan, Italy, Saudi Arabia, the United State, Yemen and UAE. The country Sudan was supposed to be Sudans second largest export destination n 19997 considering 17% of the exports, which rose to 27.2% in 1998. During the last phase of the war, in 1996 and 1997, the major trading source for the imported goods was Saudi Arabia, Italy, and the UAE. As put forward, Bereketeab (2014 ) in 1998 Italy would become the most significant supplier of the import followed by UAE. Figure 2: Major trade partners of Eritrea (Source: Munemo 2014) While focusing on the present decade, the Eritrea is observed to be exporting $53M making the country the 166th largest exporter in the world. The last five years of the trade implies that exports of Eritrea have risen at an annual rate of 80.6%, which was $27M in 2009 and now it is $53M in 2014 (Arslan and Zaman 2014). In addition to this statistical information, the Copper Ore has become the most recent exports, which represent almost 94% of the total exports of the country. Another significant export is Precious Metal Ore, which holds almost 2.93% Figure 3: Shared of imports by country to Eritrea (Source: Desta 2013) The current platform of the international trade also helps to learn that exports from Eritrea is amounted to US$443 million in 2015, it is increased to 29.09% since 2011 (Hirt 2014). However, it is -24% down from 2014-2015. As put forward by Madichie (2015), the international exports of Eritrea accounted for 99% of the overall value of its international shipment. The statistics provided by the International Monetary Funds World Economy outlook Database, the total GDP of Eritrea is around $8.7 billion in 2015 (Yohannes 2014). On the contrary, the exports accounted for almost 5.1% of overall Eritrean economic output. The following are the export product groups that represent the increasing dollar value in Eritrean global shipments throughout 2014. Gems, precious metals: $5.5 million (1.4%) Ores, slag: US$424.8million: (95.9% of the total exports) Aluminum: $8117000 (0.18%) Live animals: $503,000 (0.11%) Copper ores as well as concentrates propelled the ores, slag and ash category as the largest-growing among the fast 10 export categories. On the contrary, the fastest-declined category among the top 10 Eritrean exports was gems and precious metals which decreased by -98.3%. As put forward by Tesfayohannes, Tessem and Tewolde (2015), Exports in Eritrea rose to 72 USD in the year 2015 from 60 USD million in 2014. It is also observed that the average of the exports in the country is around 74.39 USD million from 1992 until 2015. Figure 4: Eritreas exports in the last decade (Source: Hirt 2014) Eritrea Trade Last Previous Highest Lowest Unit Trade balance -833.000 -750.00 -157.08 -833.00 CAF Million [+] Exports 72.00 60.00 200.00 11.00 USD Million [+] Imports 905.00 809.00 905.00 214.47 CAF Million [+] Current Account -143.00 -93.00 188.10 -167.00 USD million [+] Current Account to GDP -1.20 0.20 39.99 -39.00 USD Million [+] Table1: Eritrea Trade balance (Source: Burlando, Cristea and Lee 2015) Characteristics the governments attitude to international trade, both outward and inward It is observed that while there are significant opportunities, particularly in the extractive industries, the government of Eritrea maintains the command economy with the activities performed by the government predominating over the private organizations. As opined by Arouri, Youssef and Elgin (2014), unreliable exchange rate, import regulation, unrealistic exchange rates, limitation on the profits, getting the consent of the construction permit unless the government and country travel transactions wok to undermine the trade as well as investment sanction the project. On the contrary, the large investors of United State should be aware of the global sanction regime placed on the country. As the consequence, there is very little direct investment made by the large investor the United States. The country Eritrea does not have increasing number of investors due to the continuous war that is ended in 2000. Therefore, the country has lost the opportunity of exporting and importing of goods Ethiopia. As opined by Hirt (2015), nevertheless, at the end of the last year, the government emphasized on the old currency and issues new currency, creating major issue in liquidity because there was a continuous insufficiency of the supply of the money. Furthermore, it is also identified that Eritreas labor pool is well equipped and qualified in comparison with the neighboring state. It is identified that the war with Ethiopia and its aftermath have deprived the Ethiopia of major economic role as the external trading. While specifically focusing on the current impact government attitude on international trade, it is pointed out that the country has lost multiple opportunities of making the business relations with other countries. According to the viewpoint of the demonstrators that have raised the voice against the characterization of the country, Eritrea is demonized by the global system that never wants Eritrea to become independent state. The current government is trying to enhance the country with the constrained resources as well as under the persistent threat of the largest neighbor as well as earlier occupying power. The investment opportunities in Eritrea are observed to be most promising in the minding, minerals, and energy as well as agriculture sectors. It is observed that foreign activity in financial services, domestic wholesome trade, and domestic r etail trade is prohibited. Attitude towards foreign direct investment- The five indicative development plan 2014-2018 of Eritrea helps to observe that the country encourages foreign direct investment as well as enacts the competitive fiscal regulations as well as the packages to assure a fair return for risk while increasing the benefits to the host country. However, the policies of Eritrea disapprove that pronouncement. The Foreign Finance Special Investment (FFSI) proclamation provides the confirmation of foreign investment, particularly controls the FDI in financial services, domestic wholesale trade, domestic retail trade as well as commission agencies. As stated by Desta, Tedla and Zerom (2015), the investment opportunities in Eritrea are most promising in the extractive industries and agriculture sectors. The country Eritrea prefers to gain controlling interests in any wide undertaking and it takes the stand of smaller entities while targeting the multinational organizations. As opined by Evenett and Fri tz (2015), poor consistency, greater level of government commitment to structural reform persistently hampering Eritreas growth and development. It is further observed that investors in Eritrea deal with the risk including lack of transparency in the regulatory techniques and constraints on the possession as well as exchange of foreign currency and repatriation of profits. The country faces the difficulties in accessing any part of the country outside of Asmara and the government faces the trouble in acquiring the license as well as construction consent. Constraints on Foreign Control- It is observed that foreign financial investment constrains the foreign investment in the financial services and domestic whole trade but it allows investment in the other sector. GSE or the ruling party of the country controls most of the large businesses in the country. In addition, the GSE has the special interest towards the large venture and they are always on the favor of collaborating with the small organizations. It is further observed that in the year 2005, the Government of Eritrea suspended all private construction activities and relying only on the state-run firms for this particular operations. One of the major economic reforms was supposed to be conducted in 2013 but the president of the country did not aim to facilitate provision of construction consent to private firms. Investment Trends- It is observed that the Government of the State of Eritrea tends to maintain a command economy collaborating with the government bodies dominating over the private firms. It is also identified that many of the major firms are either the party owned or military owned. The government of the Eritrea started encouraging some of the significant forms of international investment in 2012. Likewise, some of the currency reforms were introduced in 2013. An increasing number of broader reforms that would impose restriction on business licensing as well as imports considered as underdeveloped such as energy, fisheries as ready for enactment in 2013 (Tomsik et al. 2015). However, the president of the country does still not approve them. As the consequence, the areas that remains underdeveloped such as energy, fisheries as well as tourism. Furthermore, it is also observed that investors in Eritrea face the challenge including the poor transparency in the regulatory process. While focusing on the international business trend in Eritrea, mining is observed to be nations successful economic sector. In addition to this all these, an increasing number of reputable international organizations are present in Eritrea either implementing minerals exploration or mining. Nevertheless, it is also observed the country remains unable to process the raw materials since, there is no reliable power for smelting and the raw materials are exported to other countries constraining the return. As stated by Carbonell and Allison (2015), the increasing GDP growth in the current years has been controlled and led by the foreign investment in the mining industry. Notwithstandin g, due to the lack of transparency, the size of mining, the overall profits and the earning appears to be trailing off as the result. Moreover, it is also learnt that the government of Eritrea put the limit on the possession and the exchange of foreign currency and the limit was on the transparency in conversion as well as transfer policies. Potentiality for formal economic co-operation with other nation through relevant trade grouping The relations between the Eritrea as well as Eritrea and EU were found to be tightened in the first of the independence. The European Commission started its delegation in Asmara in 1995. In the last 20 years, the EU has actively worked collaborating with Eritrean authorities to increase or the standards or the livelihoods of Eritrean people. In the first 10 years, the development cooperation between the European Union and Eritrea emphasized on the reconstruction following devastation at the time of the war and independence (Brink 2015). The European Development Fund is the major EU instrument for the improvement cooperation with Eritrea. Hence, the funding is provided by the voluntary donations by the members of European Union. Initially, European Development fund focused on restoring microeconomic stability as well as viability. When it comes to the initiative of holding the foreign currency, the countries in relations with the Eritrea had to face major difficulties. The foreign organizations have been seen to be unable to covert nakfa intro foreign currencies. For instance, the foreign air carriers have millions of unconvertible nafka in the local banks. It is further identified that monetary stability in the country is fragile, which reflects the excessive creation to fund chronic fiscal general deficits. The issues remain for long time with the inclusion denomination of bills such as availability of 20 nafka with no explanation. The government of the country imposed a limit on cash withdrawal of ERN 10,000. This has fuelled the continuous prevailing issues (Madichie 2015). Furthermore, while focusing the economic cooperation with other nation, the country Eritrea made the tentative moves to strengthen the relationship with other neighbors in the region in 2012 by reengaging with Australia and the regional Intergovernmental Authority on Development. According to the UN report fund, the Eritrean government had reduced the direct support of the Islamist militant group in Somalia. Nevertheless, it is also observed that Eritrea prolonged to violate the UN Security Council resolution and recommendations that arms ban remain for long. It is also observed that corruption is the major issue in the country. The control of the government over the foreign exchange effective and it gives a sole authority over the imported goods. According to the data provided by the International Crisis Group, the senior military officials are the major culprits in the mentioned trade. These officials have corrupted the relationship with other nations. On the contrary, the regulati ons do not allow independent media to run in Eritrea and governmental bodies have built the control on all broadcasting outlets. As stated by Mosley (2014), Eritrea is classified as the least developed country under the list formed by CDP (Committee for development policy) of the UN economic as well as social council. It is found out that due to the continuous liberation war and the recent boarder conflict with Ethiopia, the economy of Eritrea has suffered from the continuous setback based on this scenario; the country is trying to fight back. When no budget is disclosed by the government as well as the statistical basis is constrained, the reasonable estimates imply the economy of Eritrea is widely based on the agriculture involving the significant portion of subsistence agriculture and increasingly developing mining sector. Mining, fisheries, and tourism are sectors with the considerable potential. It is also identified that Eritrean society has made enormous effort in respect of soil preservation as well as water harvesting. However, they still have to focus on the import of every part of its food requireme nt that might have put significant strain on the foreign exchange. The statistical record mentioned that in the 2015, the government of the country launched a significant reforms aid at minimizing the informal trading sector as well as enhancing the banking sector. The country is also reviewing its economic policies and it has engaged itself in the discussion with the international trade partners as the ways of enhancing its human resources. This could be done through the target initiatives in both vocational training and education. The current economic cooperation with other nations of Eritrea helps to observe that the major purpose of European Union cooperation with Eritrea is to provide enhanced livelihoods of the Eritrean population through the poverty reduction as well as the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. Thus, Eritrea could provide sustainable social and economical development. When pursuing countrys economic and social development, Eritrea is dealing with the considerable challenge. As put forward by Woodward (2016), Energy security could be one of the major condition for the enhancement of all economic as well as social sectors and the enhancement of livelihood of all citizens. Poverty reduction as well as the expansion of the economic output, especially in the higher productivity sector, could require a considerable increase in electricity generation as well as distribution. The discussion on the economic cooperation with other nation, it is observed that country did not have the ability to reinforce the relationship with other country in terms of trade and investment. The continuous war with the Ethiopia and other nations has largely harmed the both physical and financial resource of the country. The country suffered from continuous economic crisis. However, the relationship with EU once strengthened countrys policies of international trading. Personal view regarding Eritreas international trade using some of the explanatory theories in hill While discussing the international trade opportunities in Eritrea, it is learnt direct trade investment in Eritrea is unavailable. However, rough estimates could be developed based on the trade statistics of trade partners. Moreover, the preliminary data for 2015 imply that Eritrea has gained a big deficit of USD 150 million (Kohl, Brakman and Garretsen 2016). On the contrary, as the economy across the world has taken a deep turn making it easier to start the business by introducing the technology as well as reducing the capital requirement. The discussion makes it evident that Eritrea is on a quest to form its nation with sweat but not debt. Although, the country is impoverished by its war for independence, the country is rich with the sprit, resourcefulness as well as the knowledge. The country has built the belief and the principle to recreate itself with the expertise of its citizens. After receiving the independence, the country has become very concerned about their strengths in ward, developing the self-efficiency as well as rejecting the outside assistance that did not further more towards the political as well as economical economy. Apart from the relationship with EU and Ethiopia, Eritrea has the opportunity to make an effective business relationship with UAE. Thus, as the positive consequence, Eritrea has been sourcing from large Dubai. As UAE has been supplying goods to Eritrea for local consumption and distribution to the neighboring markets, the country could increase the business opportunities. Describing the nature of the advantages- The geographical proximity of UAE emerges as the effective and the ideal partner for the under-developing country like Eritrea. The import and export goods from UAE are shipped straight to Eritrea as well as onwards to Ethiopia and Sudan. The major fact is that these nations do not have a well developed manufacturing platform, which means these nations must have to import most of their requirements for customers and the capital goods. The present scenario indicates that there are about 2500 manufactures organizations in Eritrea that are contributing to the growth of employment. Considering two other theories of trade While discussing the internal trade and its strategies, the organizations are seen to be using some particular theories for the growth and establishment of the business. Among different trade theories, two significant theories are classical theory and absolute advantages. Classical or country based trade theory- This theory was developed in the sixteenth century and it is one of the earliest efforts to enhance an economic theory (Lester et al. 2016). Based on the principle of this trading theory, the country needs to the determine its wealth by the amount of the gold as well as silver holding. In general, it can be mentioned that, the country should maximize its acquisition of gold as well as silver by promoting exports as well as preventing imports. The major objective of the country is to have a trade surplus or to build a situation where the values of the exports are larger than the value of the imports. This theory can be applied to the business environment of Eritrea, as after forming the relationship with UAE, the country has started exporting the goods to the destined country. With the contribution of the government, the local organizations have taken the initiatives of exporting the goods the neighboring country such as Dubai under UAE. Absolute advantages- This is another significant trade theory mostly applied by the countries that prefer to make business relations with other nations in the same continent. This theory emphasized on the ability of a country to provide or produce goods more effectively than any other nations (Gilpin 2016). According to this theory, the trade between the nations should not be restricted by the policies developed by the government of the nations. The principles of the theory states that trade should grow or flow naturally in accordance with the market forces. If two countries are considered in a hypothetical way; for example, if Eritrea could produce a good cheaper or faster than the country Ethiopia, then Eritrea gain the advantages as well as could focus on specializing on producing that goods. Likewise, if country Ethiopia was effective at producing another goods it could also focus on the specialization. Thus, both of the nations could gain certain advantages by applying this theo ry. However, the governmental policies and the nature of becoming the individual producer makes it difficult for the country rely on such theory of business. Moreover, the continuous war with Ethiopia made it worse for Eritrea. On the contrary, as UAE produce high quality and large rage of goods, Dubai may not come to make deal of gaining absolute advantages. Present position using the extended form of Porters Diamond of national competitiveness Factor Condition- This condition is about creating its own significant factor such as potential resources and technological foundation (Dowlah 2016). While focusing on the international trade opportunities in Eritrea, the resource base of the country indicates that mining is the major resource of Eritrea based on this particular resource, the country could gain competitive advantages. Hence, Eritrea does not have face the shortage of raw materials and production of mining can be done with the existing producer. Thus, the country has the opportunity for global trade with such a significant resource. Figure 5: Porters Diamond of national competitiveness (Source: Dowlah 2016) Demand condition- As put forward by Gilpin (2016), when a particular market for particular product is locally wider than the foreign markets and as the result local firms pay significant attention to the product than the foreign markets, this scenario could lead to the competitive advantages at that time when the local organizations start exporting the product. However, in Eritrea, the most demanded product exist in the mining sector and the country does not have those large local market- local firms; thus, the country has to depend on the foreign organizations only. Related and supporting industries- This happens when the local supporting industries are competitive and the organizations gain more cost effective and innovative inputs (Hazari 2016). This particular effect is reinforced when the suppliers remain as the strong global competitors. When it comes to export of resources, mining products are highly demanded; thus, Eritrea could be the significant supplier. The country could dominate the global market if the government reinforces international trading policies. Firm Strategy, structure and Rivalry- This principle of the porters diamond helps to observe that local conditions affect the firm strategy (Turnes and Ernst 2015). For example, UAE companies prefer to be hierarchical and Eritreas companies prefer to be smaller. Thus, this strategy as well as structure helps to determine the type of industry contributes to the excellence of the nation. The current state of Eritrea evidently is affecting the local organizations in its all industries. For instance, the Ethiopia- Eritrea border dispute is included within a series of domestic political conflicts in each state and this further linked to the instability in Somalia. This scenario has minimized the trading opportunities of Eritrea. The porters national diamond competitiveness helps to identify that Eritreas competitiveness is less as the industries in Eritrea have poor capacity to innovate as well as upgrade. Organizations should gain competitive advantages against worlds best competitors due to the pressure as well as challenge. However, due to unfavorable situation such as continuous war, unfavorable political environment minimized the opportunity of the local organizations in Eritrea. Recommendation for possible improvements to the nations present international trade strategy Focus on the communication- It is evident that communication service in Eritrea is under developed due to poor country structure. In fact, it is also observed that communication sector is among lowest in the world. Therefore, by gaining advantages from the major resources, the country should largely focus on the technology. Technological advancement might contribute to the business expansion. Foreign organizations could enter the market if the country has the technological base. Focus on the transport service- The intensive discussion provides the insight that transport service in Eritrea is under developed. The inadequate transportation network is the consequence of armed conflicts that destroyed the infrastructure and the discouraged the maintenance work. The road network of the country should be extended, especially in the mining sector and in the free-trade zone. In addition, the border areas should be developed for export and import of the goods from the countries Eritrea currently in a relation with. Reforms in the government policy- As the government policies as well as trade flow are largely affected by the government policies as well as the regulations. It is observed that government policies are affecting agriculture industry such as taxes, tariffs, duties and subsides. Therefore, the government of Eritrea needs to reform its policies of international trading such as that imposes restriction on export and imports business. Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be mentioned that Eritrea has been suffering from the deficiency of business opportunities that is affecting countrys growth. Countrys economy is in the state of uncertainty. Thus, the develop the trade sector, government of the country rather focus on reinforcing resource sector such as mining and agriculture rather making the relation with Ethiopia which seems to be unrecoverable. On the contrary, it could focus on the export of its major resource such as livestock, flour, and salt to UAE. In addition, the country needs to enhance the agriculture production as well as the productivity through the development of the irrigated agriculture. Eritrea should improve capital as well as knowledge-intensive export oriented industries and services. The transport and communication services should be restored as well as expanded. Likewise, the markets for labor, capital and the products started should function more efficiently. The government of the coun try ensures that wide-based fiscal, monetary as well as the trade policy regime aims at maintaining micro-economic stability. This could help to mobilize the government revenue and facilitate effective allocation as well as implementation of the report. Reference list: Arouri, M., Youssef, A.B. and Elgin, C., 2014.Informal economy in Africa: Building human capital to set the Gazelles free(No. 2014/04). Arslan, M. and Zaman, R., 2014. Constraints and Barriers in Corporate Governance and Managerial Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis.Available at SSRN 2515070. Bariagaber, A., 2013. Globalization, imitation behavior, and refugees from Eritrea.Africa Today,60(2), pp.2-18. Bereketeab, R., 2014. Environmental Change, Conflicts and Problems of Sustainable Development in the Horn of Africa.African and Asian Studies,13(3), pp.291-314. Brink, L., 2015. Current domestic policy settings in the context of past and potential international agreements.Issues in Agricultural Trade Policy, pp.69-132. Burlando, A., Cristea, A.D. and Lee, L.M., 2015. The trade consequences of maritime insecurity: evidence from Somali piracy.Review of International Economics,23(3), pp.525-557. Carbonell, J.R. and Allison, J.E., 2015. Democracy and state environmental commitment to international environmental treaties.International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics,15(2), pp.79-104. Desta, I., Tedla, A. and Zerom, D., 2015. Entrepreneurial Networks And Growth In Female-Owned Businesses: Evidence From Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Eritrea.Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,20(04), p.1550022. Desta, Y., 2013. Applying a US police integrity measurement tool to the Eritrean context: Perceptions of top-level Eritrean police officers regarding police misconduct.Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change,10(3), pp.238-261. Dowlah, C.A.F., 2016.International trade, competitive advantage and developing economies. Routledge,. Evenett, S.J. and Fritz, J., 2015. Throwing Sand in the Wheels: How Trade Distortions Slowed LDC Export-Led Growth.Global Trade Alert, CEPR Press. Gebrewold, B. ed., 2013.Africa and Fortress Europe: threats and opportunities. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Gilpin, R., 2016.The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Hazari, B., 2016.The pure theory of international trade and distortions. Routledge. Hepner, T.R., 2013. Emergent Eritrean Human Rights Movements: Politics, Law and Culture in Transnational Perspective.Worlds of Human Rights: The Ambiguities of Rights Claiming in Africa, pp.277-302. Hirt, N. and Mohammad, A.S., 2013. Dreams don't come true in Eritrea: anomie and family disintegration due to the structural militarisation of society.The Journal of Modern African Studies,51(01), pp.139-168. Hirt, N., 2014. The Eritrean diaspora and its impact on regime stability: Responses to UN sanctions.African Affairs, p.adu061. Hirt, N., 2015. Eritrea. InAfrica Yearbook Volume 11(pp. 291-299). Brill. Kohl, T., Brakman, S. and Garretsen, H., 2016. Do trade agreements stimulate international trade differently? Evidence from 296 trade agreements.The World Economy,39(1), pp.97-131. Lester, S., Mercurio, B. and Bartels, L. eds., 2016.Bilateral and regional trade agreements: Commentary and analysis(Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press. Lichtenfels, P. and Rouse, J. eds., 2013.Performance, politics and activism. Springer. Madichie, N.O., 2015. A Commentary on African Business Economic Environment in 2015.African Journal of Business and Economic Research,10(1), pp.5-24. Madichie, N.O., 2015. A Commentary on African Business Economic Environment in 2015.African Journal of Business and Economic Research,10(1), pp.5-24. Messaoud, B. and Teheni, Z.E.G., 2014. Business regulations and economic growth: What can be explained?.International Strategic Management Review,2(2), pp.69-78. Mosley, J., 2014. Eritrea and Ethiopia: Beyond the Impasse.Chatham House Briefing Paper, AFP BP,1. Munemo, J., 2014. Business start-up regulations and the complementarity between foreign and domestic investment.Review of World Economics,150(4), pp.745-761. O'Mahony, A., 2013. Political investment: remittances and elections.British Journal of Political Science,43(04), pp.799-820. Puddington, A., 2013. Freedom in the world 2013: Democratic breakthroughs in the balance.Freedom House, pp.6-7. Sousa, C.A., Haj-Yahia, M.M., Feldman, G. and Lee, J., 2013. Individual and collective dimensions of resilience within political violence.Trauma, Violence, Abuse,14(3), pp.235-254. Tesfayohannes, M., Tessem, M.T. and Tewolde, S., 2015. Enhancing the role of horn of african entrepreneurs in the current global business environment. Tomsik, K., Smutka, L., Lubanda, J.E. and Rohn, H., 2015. Position of agriculture in Sub-Saharan GDP structure and economic performance.AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics,7(1), p.69. Turnes, P.B. and Ernst, R., 2015. A framework for transparency in international trade. Investigaciones Europeas de Direccin y Economa de la Empresa, 21(1), pp.1-8. Wissink, M., Dvell, F. and van Eerdewijk, A., 2013. Dynamic Migration Intentions and the Impact of Socio-Institutional Environments: A Transit Migration Hub in Turkey.Journal of Ethnic and Migration studies,39(7), pp.1087-1105. Woodward, P., 2016.US foreign policy and the Horn of Africa. Routledge. Yohannes, M., 2014. Eritrea as a Gateway for Investmants in Africa: the Export Processing Zone at Massawa port.

Locative Media and Communication by Physical Implementation

Locative media are devices and systems that enable communication by physical implementation in a particular location. The contents of locative media are however not restricted to a specific location. Social interactions are greatly facilitated by the different types of digital locative media available.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Locative Media and Communication by Physical Implementation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different kinds of environments are enhanced by the detailed explanations and analysis done by the location based media. The interaction between technology and various places is facilitated by the location based media. Locative media projects enhance the use of technology in locating physical places. Locative media is emerging to be one of the most popular digital technologies in the contemporary world (Eckardt 34). The locative media do not necessarily need to be location oriented b ut the content has to be bound to a particular location. This paper will extensively discuss the role of urban screens in promoting urban interactions. Urban screens are digital interfaces for passing information to the urban society. The digital displays include projection boards, plasma screens and LED signs. The screens facilitate the creation of a public space which is a viable platform for economic growth and cultural exchanges (Barber 34). The digital nature of the screens makes them perfect platforms for virtual interactions. The urban screens movement has been growing at a very first rate in recent times and many cities across the world are investing in the initiative. The urban screens initiative has quite a number of long term objectives that have the potential of transforming the public space to fit in the current digital era (Gauthier 67). The experimental visualization zones are some of the fundamental elements of the urban screens initiatives. Outdoor screens have a gr eat potential in transforming the way of life in urban centers both socially and economically.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The urban screens movement aims at providing digital screens for commercial and social purposes. This initiative presents a public space full of cultural content because of the suitable opportunity the screens provides for artists to exhibit there products. The other objective of urban screens is to establish a link between public space and architecture using the digital technology. The urban screens are supposed to provide a balance between modern innovations and culture. The public screens necessitate the revival of traditional art back to the public space through visual media. The urban screens provide interactive opportunities for the citizens to actively participate in screen projects (Gauthier 123). Urban screens promote communication amon g different stakeholders like urban architects, artists, the government and culture custodians. Urban screens are very useful in networking and exchange of content. Urban screen influence the interaction between people and their surrounding through technology (Gauthier 123). The urban space provides a good platform for social interactions and enables the public to easily share encounters in different aspects of life. The digital screen provides a perfect interface for people to relate with their environment in a very non-traditional manner. The urban screens act as a facilitator of all the interactions and socializing in the city. The users have an opportunity to even play active games with the digital interface (Webb 26). The social interactions are promoted by the spatial mechanisms provided by the public. The public arena provides a stage for breaking social and cultural boundaries. The digital platform and the people form a combination of social, spatial and digital systems that forms the basis for designing interactions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Locative Media and Communication by Physical Implementation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The space created by digital media and the urban space are integrated by the public arena. The individual aspects of a place should be considered in forming a platform for sharing social, cultural and economic encounters (Webb 26). There is a strong relationship between spacial and syntactical properties of a place and the encounters to be shared. Different locations differ in terms of visibility, accessibility and the rate of pedestrian flow. The physical aspects of a place have a great influence on the general movement of people and social encounters. The public social installations promote awareness on various issues and at the same time establish rich relationships (Webb 37). Installing public screens in different locations with dif ferent social orientations can lead to diversity in terms of behavior. The urban screens project incorporates technological artifacts in the public context. Ubiquitous computing method is widely used in facilitating the urban screens project. Social places like restaurants provide a platform for social interaction. This is a perfect analogy of how the urban screens work (Webb 37). The digital layer connects with the urban environment to try and avoid the pervasive technologies present in urban areas. Ubiquitous computing systems play a very crucial role in establishing space structures and social behavior in urban areas. The designers of digital media such as digital urban screens use the existing knowledge and new technological innovations to create an interface that facilitates sharing of encounters. Urban screens provide a platform for interactive play that provides the people staying in urban centers with a variety of interesting outdoor experiences (Barber 142). The initiative has a special feature known as the boundary function which facilitates informal interaction by enabling people to talk to the people standing next to them within the public space. The technology of urban screens can enable users with camera phones to access some vital information about their area. This is normally facilitated by placing a bar-coded signage in some urban locations. This form of digital media presents the user with the relevant content about their location (Barber 145).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The goal of the games developed in the urban space is to give those living in cities a wonderful experience. Designers are constantly looking for new ways of improving interactions and sharing of information using the digital media. These new experiences help a great deal in understanding the social behavior in the city. The urban screens are used to augment the basic physical and social behaviors in the city. The digital media can now be activated using body gestures and movements instead of the commonly used portable devices (Barber 145).The user shadow is used as a body-input interaction which integrates the technological interface with the urban space. By using the gestures, the users can playfully navigate the digital media as they learn more about the events taking place in their location. This appears like an engaging installation where the users can manipulate the media to get the information they want about current events (Gauthier 123). The designers can design persuasive media in an attempt to formulate new physical and social behavior. Persuasive systems in urban screens can alter the social environment and completely change the way of socializing in the city. The digital technology used in the urban screens project is supposed to revolutionalize social interactions in urban centers and possibly facilitate the creation of new social patterns. Social practices in a particular urban space are easily understood using the urban screens initiative. Different approaches are used when designing new digital technologies to be applied in the urban screens project (Gauthier 140). There are some challenges in implementing the urban screens project. These challenges and limitations have to be understood in advance for the designers to be in a better position of dealing with them. Installing urban screens in a particular location or city is a very elaborate process and all the steps must be followed for effective installation and application. The designer shoul d first of all try to understand the urban space of the city. This is normally done using the space syntax method. The method views cities as systems of space and the analysis of the city design and architecture forms the basis of understanding the urban space of a city. The movement of people within the city defines the accessibility of all the spaces in the city (Gauthier 167). The space syntax method bases it analysis on topological distance between different spaces and does not consider the metric distance. Space syntax method considers space as a very basic aspect of all human activities. All human activities are done in space which makes space to be a very fundamental variable in trying to understand a city before the installation of urban screens. Visual fields and human interactions describe the experience of space. Human behavior can be defined according to the manner in which they use space. The geometric language is used to describe the relationship between space and huma n behavior (Webb 172). The space syntax method is normally applied by designers who need to understand the urban space configuration. There is a correlation between the number of people in an urban place and the spatial analysis done using the syntax method. The space syntax methodology tries to find out the reasons for absence and presence of people in the city streets and investigates the spatial structure of the city. The spatial configuration of the city has a major influence on how the people flow within the city. The movement of people within the city is determined by the use of the urban grid (Webb 172). People preferences and behavior in cities can easily be determined using qualitative observation methods. The relationship between the spatial design and behavior is established by the quantitative analysis of the spatial morphology of the city. The syntax method helps the designers to determine the possible impact of urban screens on human behavior and shared experiences. In the space syntax methodology, the city map is used to design a graph representing the spatial orientation of the city (Barber 156). The graph is the analyzed according to the links and nodes representing the flow of people in the city. The next step is the definition of the area by using the quantitative spatial analysis method. The degree of social interactions and behavior is determined by analyzing the data collected about human behavior in the city (Barber 156). Empirical studies are done by selecting the strategic areas within the city. After comprehensively experimenting the three locations, digital screens are then implemented to encourage strangers, observers and friends to playfully use technology in sharing different experiences about life. By experimenting, the designers are in a better position to fully understand the role of social and digital interactions in improving the various aspects of the city. Through the experiments, the designers are also able to establish th e affordability of the urban screens project. The introduction of a digital platform in an urban center requires a critical analysis of the design and the available digital media for installing the project (Webb 141). The interconnection between the digital layer and the spatial design of the city plays a major role in determining how effective the digital platforms will be. The integration of the urban screens within the built in environment relies heavily on the space concept. The components of space include the physical location, values and the social protocol (Webb 150). The final stage in implementing the urban screens project is the actual implementation of the prototype. The urban screens can be implemented as portable digital screens in different locations within the city. The digital screens can also be augmented as interactive installations. The digital screens are made up of LED Layers and pressure pad layers with the LED layer being the first. The role of the layers is t o receive and send user inputs to the computation system made of special programs. The layers are also involved in processing outputs (Barber 157). The screens are characterized by blinking lights that give the screens an urban outlook. The blinking lights are dynamically generated in patterns. The patterns are arranged according to the movement of pedestrians. The pattern of moving people is detected by the pressure pads. In conclusion, urban screen have greatly transformed social interactions and enhanced information sharing in cities. Urban screens are used as digital platforms for social interactions and culture exhibition. Apart from enhancing social interactions in cities, urban screens are also greatly used to inform the people about different events within the city. Digital media plays a very fundamental role in stimulating social interactions. The urban space defines the behavior of people within the city. Works Cited Barber, Stephen. Projected Cities. New York: Reaktion Bo oks, 2002. Print. Eckardt, Frank. Mediocity: Situation, Practice and Encounters. New York: Frank Timme, 2008. Print. Gauthier, Jean-Mac. Building Interactive Worlds in 3D: Virtual Sets and pre-visualization of Games, Film and Web. New York: Focal Press, 2005. Print. Webb, Andrew. Cities in Transition: The Moving Image and the Modern Metropolis. New York: Wallflower Press, 2008. Print. This research paper on Locative Media and Communication by Physical Implementation was written and submitted by user Nakia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Start the Semester Right - Grad Student Study Advice

How to Start the Semester Right - Grad Student Study Advice The most effective way to ensure success in classes learning and getting good grades is to prepare early and often. Most students recognize the value of preparation in ensuring excellent class performance. Prepare for each class, each test, each assignment. Preparation, however, begins before the first reading assignment and first class. Prepare for the semester and youll be off to a great start. So, how do you start the semester right? Start on the first day of class. Get into the proper mindset by following these three tips. Plan to work. Colleges - and faculty - expect you to put in a significant amount of time over the course of the semester. At the undergraduate level, a 3 credit course generally meets for 45 hours during the semester. In most cases, you are expected to put in 1 to 3 hours for every hour of class time. So, for a class that meets 2.5 hours a week, that means you should plan to spend 2.5 to 7.5 hours outside of class preparing for class and studying the material each week. You likely wont spend the maximum time on every class every week - its a big time commitment! But recognize that some classes will require relatively little prep and others may require additional hours of work. In addition, the amount of time you spend in each class will vary during the semester. Get a head start. This one is simple: Begin early. Then follow the class syllabus and read ahead. Try to stay one reading assignment ahead of the class. Why read ahead? First, this permits you to see the big picture. Readings tend to build on each other and sometimes you may not realize that you dont understand a particular concept until you encounter a more advanced concept. Second, reading ahead gives you wiggle room. Life sometimes gets in the way and we fall behind in reading. Reading ahead permits you to miss a day and still be prepared for class. Likewise, start papers early. Papers nearly always take longer to write than we anticipate, whether its because we cant find sources, have a hard time understanding them, or suffer from writers block. Start early so that you wont feel pressed for time. Mentally Prepare. Get your head in the right place. The first day and week of classes can be overwhelming with new lists of reading assignments, papers, exams, and presentations. Take the time to map out your semester. Write down all classes, due dates, exam dates in your calendar.   Think about how you will organize your time to prepare and get it all done. Plan time off and time for fun. Think about how you will maintain motivation over the semester - how will you reward your successes? By mentally preparing for the semester ahead you put yourself in the position to excel.

Metropolitan Growth in Canada 1991-2001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metropolitan Growth in Canada 1991-2001 - Essay Example In actual sense, Montreal and Toronto alone received 60% of new incomers into the cities’ demographic structures. In the 1991 census, Toronto and Montreal had a cumulative population of approximately 7 million members. In 1996, the population rose by 6.4% to approximately 7.87 million people. Other cities which accommodated more than 1 million people in 1991, 1996 and 2001 census include Calgary and Edmonton, both in the district of Alberta. In addition, Ottawa, which lies at the south eastern district of Quebec, accommodated approximately 1.2 million people. These urban centers comprise of members deriving their ancestral roots from different ethnic backgrounds. Montreal comprised mainly of European and African immigrants while Toronto and Vancouver accommodates majority of Asian immigrants. According to Simmons and Larry (2003), the ethnic difference of a city’s population plays a significant role in determining the key economic activity adopted by citizens. In this c ase, immigrants from Europe have substantial economic strength and financial capabilities compared to African immigrants. In this case, Europeans in Montreal lives in the inner-city neighborhoods with high social status. On the other hand, African immigrants tend to reside on the outskirt characterized with affordable housings and cheap social amenities. With respect to ethnic and social differences, economic activities and educational achievements influence the population level of incomes; hence the observed employment patterns across the society. However, the general increase in Canada’s urban population influences the rate of employment. The changing patterns on Canada’s population seem to exert substantial influence on the nation’s economic and social aspects. According to the bulletin research article, the observed trends within different cities are playing a role in creating new forms of divides within the society. Simmons and Larry (2003) states that some of the notable trends in social and economic aspect of the society include patterns of employment rate as compared to population growth over a period of ten years. Statistics obtained from census results shows different trends in respective cities, all of which falls under the list of 25 most populated metropolitan areas in Canada. According to Simmons and Larry (2003), emerging differences in economic strengths across the population determines the general welfare of Canadians, especially on aspects like health, living styles and housing environment. Continued degradation of economic patterns may lead to worsening of the general health welfare and society’s well-being. On the other hand, improvement of economic activities, which translates to positive changes in employment patterns, leads to a healthy society with decent and affordable housing. In an effort to objectively determine the relationship between population growth and employment rates, we will acknowledge the stati stical element of correlation coefficient. Prior to appraising its application, we will evaluate the actual change in population and corresponding shifts in employment rates among members of the selected urban areas. As an illustration, statistics shows that in a period of five years, Quebec’s city of St John experienced a 1.28% increase in its population. However, the population increase received a corresponding increase in employment rate by approximately 9 percent. On the other han

Individual reflective report. PR as a profession Assignment

Individual reflective report. PR as a profession - Assignment Example Their role expects them to check constantly the reliability or rather truthfulness and accuracy of any information before releasing it to the public (Robert 2003, p389). This shows that they have the good of the pubic at heart. Releasing of unreliable information would further bring about conflicts and innocent people may come to harm. Thus to be a public relations practitioner, one has top be very accurate and clear in their task as it a lot depends on their efficiency. In addition to the above information, public relations practitioner is also expected to display or rather reveal any information concerning acts of malpractice as well as unprofessional conduct. This is what is required of them when they follow the CIPR principles. Hence one is required to be true to their job description and avoid any wrongful act which would undermine the effectiveness of the CIPR code of conduct. Practitioners are thus called upon to be their own watchdogs as well as of others and are encouraged t o bring to light any illegal acts. Misleading clients is taken as a serious offense as it shows lack of professionalism and a sign of poor work ethics (Straughan 2004, p55). More so the code of conduct is broken when one decides wrongly manipulate their position. Due to occurrence of such instances practitioners are thus warned against engaging in such kind of behaviour. It does not show their integrity and honesty. Capacity, capability and competence By being a person with capacity, capability and competence leads to enhanced professionalism and promotion of good work ethics. A practitioner is called upon to display all the three characteristics so as to be effective in their work. Capacity basically entails that one is up to task and they have the required skills to foresee the successful completion of that specific task. Therefore, with reference to this, a public relations practitioner is required to be at full capacity, upright and has clear and innovative thinking which can gr eatly impact their performance. Being capable is more or less the same as being a person with capacity. A capable person is one who can engage in a task with the correct mindset and hence propel its effective completion. Competence entails one being always on time or rather on schedule and taking their work with the serious that it deserves. Abiding by the CIP code of conduct is covered under competence. A public relations practitioner is expected to know that professional capacity and capability has limitations. An individual cannot have the capacity and capability to tackle any task that they are assigned to. At times they need help from other employees who happen to be more skilled than they are in that specific task. The basic thing is a display of realism whereby the practitioner shows good professionalism by accepting to delegate work to other employees who have the right skills and resources for a specific task. In addition to this, they are also required to promote team work by collaborating with their colleagues so as to foster competition of a certain project. By displaying such characteristics at work, a practitioner would be abiding by the requirements of the CIPR code of conduct. In addition to this, good work ethics is also displayed. Transparency and avoiding conflicts of interest This principle which is under the CPIR code of conduct entails that any practitioner has the responsibility to disclose to

Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Property - Essay Example It is in this scenario that the concept of property development & management comes into the picture, which provides the developer with a rigid framework for the effective development of a property. The present report will evaluate the viability of developing a small office site in a suburban London town location. All along, the report will concentrate on the information gathered on the property and will attempt to assess the viability of developing the property based on a series of valuations, funding proposals and elevations of the completed scheme. The report will initially consider, outline and assess the various important factors that will influence the decision to build and develop the property. The report therefore, would emphasize on planning the development of the property in the context of urban development, construction, quantity surveying, and design & property development. The report would then list out all the factors governing the development of the small office site and would proceed with discussing the development appraisal that was initiated as a major constituent of the property development scheme and will also model the cash flow involved. Therefore, the report would evaluate the viability of the small office site property development proposal on the whole. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPERTY The concept of property development especially with regards to commercial spaces has been a subject of constant debate and a plethora of literature is available in this regard. Among the literature available, major topics of discussion have been focusing on evaluating commercial property sites on the basis of nearness to the target customer base & urban centres, location of transport facilities, the government legislation and the political situation etc. The current section will aim to outline the basic set of factors that were currently prevalent at the small office cite in suburban London.The first and the foremost factor that influenced the development of the small office site were the availability of the land, and the presence of other critical facilities. Even though the land was available, it was important to assess whether the quality of the soil was good enough for construction purposes. A civil engineer who conducted surveys of the land and certified that the proposed site was suitable evaluated the land. In addition it was also important to determine the nearness of the property to hotels and cafeterias for the purposes of the employees who would be working in the office site. It was additionally important to determine the availability of drinking water in the area. Fortunately, the area was quite populated and as such, both these needs were not a problem at all. The area was abundant with hotels and the local water department ensured a constant supply of clean drinking water. Thus, the prime concern under the property development scheme was to assess the proposed site for its physical suitability for development.The next major consideration under this was to dig into the legal restrictions of the area. This was important as certain areas had a different pattern of construction norms and adhering to the law of the land was extremely important. For this, the help